Refunds, Replacements, and Warranties: Know Your Consumer Rights

Advocate Aditya
Dec 24, 2025
2 min read

Introduction

Many consumers are told that once a product is sold, it cannot be returned or refunded. Phrases like “No return, no refund” are commonly displayed in shops and online platforms. However, Indian consumer law clearly states that such conditions cannot override legal rights when goods are defective or services are deficient.

When Can a Consumer Seek a Refund or Replacement?

A consumer may legally seek a refund, replacement, or free repair when:

The product is defective or damaged
The product does not match its description
The service provided is poor or incomplete
There is an unfair trade practice by the seller

Consumer Commissions are empowered to grant these remedies under Section 39 of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.

Understanding Warranty in Simple Terms

A warranty is a legal assurance given by the manufacturer or seller that a product will function properly for a certain period.If a defect appears during the warranty period, the consumer has the right to:

Free repair
Replacement
Refund, where appropriate

Unreasonable refusal of warranty service may amount to deficiency in service under the law.

“No Refund” Policies and Unfair Trade Practices

Shops and service providers often rely on “no refund” notices to deny legitimate claims. However, misleading warranty terms, hidden conditions, or refusal to honour valid claims may be considered an unfair trade practice under Section 2(47) of the Act.

Product Liability: Accountability of Manufacturers and Sellers

Under Section 82 of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, manufacturers and sellers can be held legally responsible for harm caused by defective products.This provision ensures greater accountability and consumer safety.

Illustrative Case Law

In Ghaziabad Development Authority v. Balbir Singh (2004), the Hon’ble Supreme Court recognised that consumers are entitled to compensation for mental agony and harassment caused by deficient services.This judgment reinforces that consumer protection extends beyond financial loss.

Important Tips for Consumers

Always keep bills, invoices, and warranty cards
Read warranty terms carefully before purchase
Do not rely on verbal promises alone
Raise complaints in writing whenever possible

Conclusion

Refunds, replacements, and warranties are not acts of goodwill by sellers. They are enforceable legal rights. Awareness of these rights empowers consumers to demand fair treatment and accountability in the marketplace.

Statutory Reference Box

Section 2(10) – Defect
Section 2(11) – Deficiency in Service
Section 2(47) – Unfair Trade Practice
Section 39 – Powers of Consumer Commission
Section 82 – Product Liability
Consumer Protection Act, 2019